- Art (35,418)
- Entertainment & Performing Arts (13,758)
![Teste Audible 30 Tage kostenlos](https://cdn.statically.io/img/m.media-amazon.com/images/G/08/AudibleFR/fr_FR/images/1235-soundwave-1000x200-2.gif)
We're pleased to have you join us
30-day trial with Audible is available.
Best Sellers
-
Who Owns England?
- How We Lost Our Green and Pleasant Land, and How to Take It Back
- By: Guy Shrubsole
- Narrated by: Malk Williams
- Length: 12 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This is the history of how England’s elite came to own our land - from aristocrats and the church to businessmen and corporations - and an inspiring manifesto for how to open up our countryside once more....
-
-
Packed with useful information.
- By Giles Rocholl on 01-11-19
By: Guy Shrubsole
-
Steeple Chasing
- Around Britain by Church
- By: Peter Ross
- Narrated by: Peter Ross
- Length: 11 hrs and 47 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Churches are all around us. Their steeples remain landmarks in our towns, villages and cities, even as their influence and authority has waned. They contain art and architectural wonders - one huge gallery scattered, like a handful of jewels, across these isles....
-
-
Our Storied Landscape
- By veyza on 27-05-23
By: Peter Ross
-
Venice
- The Remarkable History of the Lagoon City
- By: Dennis Romano
- Narrated by: David Colacci
- Length: 30 hrs and 45 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
No city stirs the imagination more than Venice. From the richly ornamented palaces emerging from the waters of the Grand Canal to the dazzling sites of Piazza San Marco, visitors and residents alike sense they are entering, as fourteenth-century poet Petrarch remarked, “another world.”....
By: Dennis Romano
-
Your Friends Want to Live Here
- A Simple Guide on Home Decor, Interior Design, and Curating Your Space Using Sustainability and Style
- By: Lucan Melkonian, Nusheek Melkonian
- Narrated by: Samantha Hart
- Length: 1 hr and 39 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Let’s face it – over the last few years, the world has changed a lot, and because of this, so has the way we use our homes....
-
-
I Want to Live Here
- By HSNPUBLISHING on 04-01-24
By: Lucan Melkonian, and others
-
The Timeless Way of Building
- By: Christopher Alexander
- Narrated by: Mike Fraser
- Length: 10 hrs and 35 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The theory of architecture implicit in our world today, Christopher Alexander believes, is bankrupt. More and more people are aware that something is deeply wrong....
-
Architecture
- A History in 100 Buildings
- By: Dan Cruickshank
- Narrated by: Dan Cruickshank
- Length: 11 hrs and 59 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Journeying through time and place, from the ancient Egyptian pyramids to the soaring skyscrapers of Manhattan, renowned architectural historian Dan Cruickshank explores the most impressive and characterful creations in world architecture....
-
-
Fundamentally really interesting but a bit flawed
- By Liz K on 18-04-21
By: Dan Cruickshank
-
Who Owns England?
- How We Lost Our Green and Pleasant Land, and How to Take It Back
- By: Guy Shrubsole
- Narrated by: Malk Williams
- Length: 12 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This is the history of how England’s elite came to own our land - from aristocrats and the church to businessmen and corporations - and an inspiring manifesto for how to open up our countryside once more....
-
-
Packed with useful information.
- By Giles Rocholl on 01-11-19
By: Guy Shrubsole
-
Steeple Chasing
- Around Britain by Church
- By: Peter Ross
- Narrated by: Peter Ross
- Length: 11 hrs and 47 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Churches are all around us. Their steeples remain landmarks in our towns, villages and cities, even as their influence and authority has waned. They contain art and architectural wonders - one huge gallery scattered, like a handful of jewels, across these isles....
-
-
Our Storied Landscape
- By veyza on 27-05-23
By: Peter Ross
-
Venice
- The Remarkable History of the Lagoon City
- By: Dennis Romano
- Narrated by: David Colacci
- Length: 30 hrs and 45 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
No city stirs the imagination more than Venice. From the richly ornamented palaces emerging from the waters of the Grand Canal to the dazzling sites of Piazza San Marco, visitors and residents alike sense they are entering, as fourteenth-century poet Petrarch remarked, “another world.”....
By: Dennis Romano
-
Your Friends Want to Live Here
- A Simple Guide on Home Decor, Interior Design, and Curating Your Space Using Sustainability and Style
- By: Lucan Melkonian, Nusheek Melkonian
- Narrated by: Samantha Hart
- Length: 1 hr and 39 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Let’s face it – over the last few years, the world has changed a lot, and because of this, so has the way we use our homes....
-
-
I Want to Live Here
- By HSNPUBLISHING on 04-01-24
By: Lucan Melkonian, and others
-
The Timeless Way of Building
- By: Christopher Alexander
- Narrated by: Mike Fraser
- Length: 10 hrs and 35 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The theory of architecture implicit in our world today, Christopher Alexander believes, is bankrupt. More and more people are aware that something is deeply wrong....
-
Architecture
- A History in 100 Buildings
- By: Dan Cruickshank
- Narrated by: Dan Cruickshank
- Length: 11 hrs and 59 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Journeying through time and place, from the ancient Egyptian pyramids to the soaring skyscrapers of Manhattan, renowned architectural historian Dan Cruickshank explores the most impressive and characterful creations in world architecture....
-
-
Fundamentally really interesting but a bit flawed
- By Liz K on 18-04-21
By: Dan Cruickshank
-
Mid-Course Correction Revisited: The Story and Legacy of a Radical Industrialist and his Quest for Authentic Change
- By: Ray Anderson, John A. Lanier
- Narrated by: John A. Lanier
- Length: 11 hrs and 31 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
As climate change becomes an international crisis, more and more industries are looking for a sound model for creating successful environmentally friendly companies, and a new generation of young leaders are eager for inspiration and guidance on creating sustainable businesses....
By: Ray Anderson, and others
-
Lives in Architecture: Peter Cook
- By: Peter Cook
- Narrated by: David Rintoul
- Length: 6 hrs and 19 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Peter Cook has been a pivotal figure within the architecture world for over half a century. Suffused with Peter’s infectious energy, enthusiasm, and charm, this intriguing memoir explores major themes in architecture through the lens of his life and work....
By: Peter Cook
-
The 15-Minute City
- A Solution to Saving Our Time and Our Planet
- By: Carlos Moreno, Martha Thorne - afterword, Jan Gehl - foreword
- Narrated by: Andrew Joseph Perez
- Length: 7 hrs and 55 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In The 15-Minute City: A Solution to Saving Our Time and Our Planet, Carlos Moreno delivers an exciting and insightful discussion of the deceptively simple and revolutionary idea that everyday destinations like schools, stores, and offices should only be a short walk or bike ride away from home.
By: Carlos Moreno, and others
-
Seashaken Houses
- A Lighthouse History from Eddystone to Fastnet
- By: Tom Nancollas
- Narrated by: David Monteath
- Length: 8 hrs and 26 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Lighthouses are striking totems of our relationship to the sea. For many, they encapsulate a romantic vision of solitary homes amongst the waves, but their original purpose is much more utilitarian than that....
-
-
A light in the Dark.
- By Jack Harrison on 07-07-19
By: Tom Nancollas
-
Construction Project Management
- How the Great Ones Do It
- By: Joe Egan
- Narrated by: Joseph R Egan
- Length: 1 hr and 17 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Many want to achieve success in being a project manager, but not everyone is given a roadmap on how to get there. Think about it. You worked hard, got promoted into a project management position and then what....
By: Joe Egan
-
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
- 50th Anniversary Edition
- By: Jane Jacobs, Jason Epstein - introduction
- Narrated by: Donna Rawlins
- Length: 18 hrs
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Thirty years after its publication, this book was described by The New York Times as "perhaps the most influential single work in the history of town planning"....
-
-
Cities are complex organic organisms
- By Anonymous User on 09-02-24
By: Jane Jacobs, and others
-
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Audio Crash Course
- By: AudioLearn Content Team
- Narrated by: Drew Hadwal
- Length: 8 hrs and 23 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
AudioLearn Crash Courses presents AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Complete review for the Amazon Web Services Certified Solutions Architect - Associate certification exam! Developed by experienced technicians and professionally narrated for easy listening....
-
-
easy to follow as an audible book
- By Rizwan Ahmed on 29-08-23
-
The Architecture Book
- By: DK
- Narrated by: Charles Armstrong
- Length: 13 hrs and 20 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Discover the key architectural concepts behind the world's most incredible buildings and structures....
By: DK
-
Why Architecture Matters
- By: Paul Goldberger
- Narrated by: Michael Prichard
- Length: 6 hrs and 5 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Why Architecture Matters is not a work of architectural history or a guide to styles or an architectural dictionary, though it contains elements of all three....
-
-
Brilliant!
- By adriana clark on 10-03-19
By: Paul Goldberger
-
EARNER Walkable City
- How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time
- By: Jeff Speck
- Narrated by: Jeff Speck
- Length: 6 hrs and 45 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Jeff Speck has dedicated his career to determining what makes cities thrive. And he has boiled it down to one key factor: walkability....
-
-
interesting though a little repetative
- By Ella K on 20-07-20
By: Jeff Speck
-
The House of Government
- A Saga of the Russian Revolution
- By: Yuri Slezkine, Claire Bloom - director
- Narrated by: Stefan Rudnicki
- Length: 45 hrs and 9 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
On the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, the epic story of an enormous apartment building where Communist true believers lived before their destruction....
-
-
Well researched but lacks structure or narrative
- By Luke on 30-08-18
By: Yuri Slezkine, and others
-
A House Restored
- The Tragedies and Triumphs of Saving a New England Colonial
- By: Lee McColgan, Roy Underhill - foreword
- Narrated by: Sean Patrick Hopkins
- Length: 5 hrs and 24 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Old houses share their secrets only if they survive. Trading the corporate ladder for a stepladder, Lee McColgan commits to preserving the ramshackle Loring House, built in 1702, using period materials and methods....
By: Lee McColgan, and others
-
Billionaires' Row
- Tycoons, High Rollers, and the Epic Race to Build the World's Most Exclusive Skyscrapers
- By: Katherine Clarke
- Narrated by: Kristen DiMercurio
- Length: 12 hrs and 17 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
To look south and skyward from Central Park these days is to gaze upon a physical manifestation of tens of billions of dollars in global wealth: a series of soaring spires stretching from Park Avenue to Broadway....
-
-
Brilliantly written and researched I loved it’s fast pace.
- By Mr Ewan Harkness on 28-06-23
By: Katherine Clarke
-
Building the Cycling City
- The Dutch Blueprint for Urban Vitality
- By: Melissa Bruntlett, Chris Bruntlett
- Narrated by: Christina Delaine
- Length: 8 hrs and 4 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
As the world's foremost cycling nation, the Netherlands is the only country where the number of bikes exceeds the number of people. This audiobook examines the triumphs and challenges of the Dutch while also presenting stories of North American cities already implementing Dutch lessons....
By: Melissa Bruntlett, and others
-
Modern Man
- The Life of Le Corbusier, Architect of Tomorrow
- By: Anthony Flint
- Narrated by: Mel Foster
- Length: 8 hrs and 36 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Modern Man is a riveting biography of Le Corbusier - a man who invented new ways of building and thinking....
-
-
Illuminating
- By Alex Holliman on 19-03-15
By: Anthony Flint
-
England's Villages
- An Extraordinary Journey Through Time
- By: Dr Ben Robinson
- Narrated by: Paul J. Rose
- Length: 12 hrs and 1 min
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Take a charming and unexpected journey through the quirks of England's villages throughout the ages in the excellent company of Dr Ben Robinson, expert archaeologist....
-
-
Interesting but...
- By Grace on 18-04-24
By: Dr Ben Robinson
-
Mazes and Labyrinths
- A General Account of Their History and Developments
- By: W. H. MATTHEWS
- Narrated by: Matthew Schmitz
- Length: 5 hrs and 1 min
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Mazes and Labyrinths is a look into the origin and mystery of mazes. From ancient stone carvings, Minoan palaces to today's hedge-maze, Matthews chronicles the history of the maze....
By: W. H. MATTHEWS
-
Feng Shui & Decluttering 2-in-1 Bundle
- Your Guide for Digital Minimalism, Interior Design, Clearing Clutter and Home Organizing, Tidying the Mind and Improving Balance & Harmony in Life
- By: Marie White, Shirley Wood, Dana K. Kondo
- Narrated by: Amy Lovato
- Length: 6 hrs and 21 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Feng Shui and decluttering shift the energy of your place, which in turn shifts the energy and circumstances of your life....
By: Marie White, and others
-
Landskipping
- Painters, Ploughmen and Places
- By: Anna Pavord
- Narrated by: Phyllida Nash
- Length: 7 hrs and 22 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Landskipping is a ravishing celebration of landscape, its iridescent beauty and its potential to comfort, awe and mesmerise....
By: Anna Pavord
-
A Modern Way to Live
- 5 Design Principles from the Modern House
- By: Matt Gibberd
- Narrated by: Matt Gibberd
- Length: 7 hrs and 31 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In 2005, childhood friends Matt Gibberd and Albert Hill set out to convince people of the power of good design and its ability to influence our well-being....
-
-
A relaxed, humorous depiction of houses that inspires and encourages one to own their ideas.
- By Heddych on 27-04-24
By: Matt Gibberd
-
In Our Time: 25 Perspectives on the Visual Arts
- A BBC Radio 4 Collection
- By: Melvyn Bragg
- Narrated by: Melvyn Bragg, Various
- Length: 19 hrs and 10 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss 25 explorations of the visual arts, including artistic and architectural styles, historic movements, notable artworks and visual artists....
By: Melvyn Bragg
-
A House Through Time
- By: David Olusoga, Melanie Backe-Hansen
- Narrated by: Ben Onwukwe
- Length: 10 hrs and 34 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
A tie-in to the acclaimed BBC television series. House histories have become the new frontier of popular, participatory history. The rises and falls, the shifts in the fortunes of neighbourhoods and whole cities are here....
-
-
Really enjoyed it!
- By Harry Lee on 30-05-20
By: David Olusoga, and others
-
The E-Myth Architect
- Why Most Architectural Firms Don't Work and What to Do About It
- By: Michael E. Gerber, Norbert C. Lemermyer
- Narrated by: Michael E. Gerber, Norbert C. Lemermyer
- Length: 6 hrs and 51 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The E-Myth Architect gives you a complete toolkit for either starting a successful firm from scratch or maximizing an existing firm's performance....
-
-
Stick to the original
- By Anonymous User on 20-10-21
By: Michael E. Gerber, and others
-
Flourish
- Design Paradigms for Our Planetary Emergency
- By: Sarah Ichioka, Michael Pawlyn
- Narrated by: Nicola Burgess
- Length: 7 hrs and 2 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Spirited thinkers Michael Pawlyn and Sarah Ichioka propose a bold set of regenerative principles with potential to transform how we design, make, and manage our buildings; infrastructure; and communities.
-
-
Inspirational
- By Britt Rees on 02-06-23
By: Sarah Ichioka, and others
New Releases
-
As Safe as Houses
- Taking the Gamble Out of Your Home Improvement Project
- By: Chris C Penman
- Narrated by: Barry Fike
- Length: 2 hrs and 53 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Your home is probably your largest monthly expense and ultimately you want it to become an asset, perhaps to pass on to your kids when you’re gone. Why then do homeowners put so little value in the people they hire to work on their homes? If you own an expensive car, you’re not likely to take it to the cheapest garage you can find. If you want a nice smile, you seek out an expensive, private dentist to give you that smile. No one goes to a cheap plastic surgeon or a cheap tattoo artist. Going to court? “Better find myself the cheapest lawyer I can” – said no one ever.
-
-
Great listen
- By Mr. A. Whiffin on 09-07-24
By: Chris C Penman
-
Professional Practice
- A Guide to Turning Designs into Buildings
- By: Paul Segal
- Narrated by: Camille Mazant
- Length: 7 hrs and 11 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
What you need to know to protect your designs and get them built as you envision them; how to get and keep clients and become their trusted advisor and professional—every architect needs the answers in this concise, thorough, and listenable guide.
By: Paul Segal
-
The 15-Minute City
- A Solution to Saving Our Time and Our Planet
- By: Carlos Moreno, Martha Thorne - afterword, Jan Gehl - foreword
- Narrated by: Andrew Joseph Perez
- Length: 7 hrs and 55 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In The 15-Minute City: A Solution to Saving Our Time and Our Planet, Carlos Moreno delivers an exciting and insightful discussion of the deceptively simple and revolutionary idea that everyday destinations like schools, stores, and offices should only be a short walk or bike ride away from home. This book tells the story of an idea that spread from city to city, describing a new way of looking at living that addresses many of the most intractable challenges of our time.
By: Carlos Moreno, and others
-
Ready, Set, Architect!
- How to Get There, How to Be Successful, and How to Have a Guilt-Free Transition to Something Else
- By: Jane Lanahan Decker
- Narrated by: Jane Lanahan Decker
- Length: 2 hrs and 51 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Ready, Set, Architect! is not just an architectural career handbook. It is the living proof that you can make it out of architecture school alive and thriving. Better still, you can have your design career and move past it, too. Ready, Set, Architect! is part career guide, part memoir, and part activity journal that is bound and determined to show you how to become an architect and come out the other side with options for every 2.0 version of yourself.
-
Under the Dome
- Politics, Crisis, and Architecture at the United States Capitol
- By: Alan M. Hantman, Sen. Harry M. Reid Jr. - foreword
- Narrated by: Peter Lerman
- Length: 10 hrs and 7 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In Under the Dome, Alan Hantman, the Architect of the Capitol from 1997 to 2007, provides a personal account of how the Capitol works as a physical space; who runs it, how and why decisions are made about the security of the Capitol and the people who work there, and how politicians think about the Capitol Building.
By: Alan M. Hantman, and others
-
Enemies at the Gate
- The City Walls of Ancient Rome
- By: Patricia Southern
- Narrated by: Rupert Bush
- Length: 16 hrs and 42 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The legend of the foundation of Rome by Romulus in 753BC accords very well with the earliest defensive walls on the Palatine Hill, made of clay and timber and showing evidence of animal sacrifices. To trace the continual efforts to fortify Rome is to trace the rise and fall of the Roman Empire - through the taking of the city by the Gauls in 390/387, the wars with the Italian states, the threat of Hannibal, the establishment of the Republic, attacks by the northern tribes and eventual division and collapse.
-
As Safe as Houses
- Taking the Gamble Out of Your Home Improvement Project
- By: Chris C Penman
- Narrated by: Barry Fike
- Length: 2 hrs and 53 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Your home is probably your largest monthly expense and ultimately you want it to become an asset, perhaps to pass on to your kids when you’re gone. Why then do homeowners put so little value in the people they hire to work on their homes? If you own an expensive car, you’re not likely to take it to the cheapest garage you can find. If you want a nice smile, you seek out an expensive, private dentist to give you that smile. No one goes to a cheap plastic surgeon or a cheap tattoo artist. Going to court? “Better find myself the cheapest lawyer I can” – said no one ever.
-
-
Great listen
- By Mr. A. Whiffin on 09-07-24
By: Chris C Penman
-
Professional Practice
- A Guide to Turning Designs into Buildings
- By: Paul Segal
- Narrated by: Camille Mazant
- Length: 7 hrs and 11 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
What you need to know to protect your designs and get them built as you envision them; how to get and keep clients and become their trusted advisor and professional—every architect needs the answers in this concise, thorough, and listenable guide.
By: Paul Segal
-
The 15-Minute City
- A Solution to Saving Our Time and Our Planet
- By: Carlos Moreno, Martha Thorne - afterword, Jan Gehl - foreword
- Narrated by: Andrew Joseph Perez
- Length: 7 hrs and 55 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In The 15-Minute City: A Solution to Saving Our Time and Our Planet, Carlos Moreno delivers an exciting and insightful discussion of the deceptively simple and revolutionary idea that everyday destinations like schools, stores, and offices should only be a short walk or bike ride away from home. This book tells the story of an idea that spread from city to city, describing a new way of looking at living that addresses many of the most intractable challenges of our time.
By: Carlos Moreno, and others
-
Ready, Set, Architect!
- How to Get There, How to Be Successful, and How to Have a Guilt-Free Transition to Something Else
- By: Jane Lanahan Decker
- Narrated by: Jane Lanahan Decker
- Length: 2 hrs and 51 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Ready, Set, Architect! is not just an architectural career handbook. It is the living proof that you can make it out of architecture school alive and thriving. Better still, you can have your design career and move past it, too. Ready, Set, Architect! is part career guide, part memoir, and part activity journal that is bound and determined to show you how to become an architect and come out the other side with options for every 2.0 version of yourself.
-
Under the Dome
- Politics, Crisis, and Architecture at the United States Capitol
- By: Alan M. Hantman, Sen. Harry M. Reid Jr. - foreword
- Narrated by: Peter Lerman
- Length: 10 hrs and 7 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In Under the Dome, Alan Hantman, the Architect of the Capitol from 1997 to 2007, provides a personal account of how the Capitol works as a physical space; who runs it, how and why decisions are made about the security of the Capitol and the people who work there, and how politicians think about the Capitol Building.
By: Alan M. Hantman, and others
-
Enemies at the Gate
- The City Walls of Ancient Rome
- By: Patricia Southern
- Narrated by: Rupert Bush
- Length: 16 hrs and 42 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The legend of the foundation of Rome by Romulus in 753BC accords very well with the earliest defensive walls on the Palatine Hill, made of clay and timber and showing evidence of animal sacrifices. To trace the continual efforts to fortify Rome is to trace the rise and fall of the Roman Empire - through the taking of the city by the Gauls in 390/387, the wars with the Italian states, the threat of Hannibal, the establishment of the Republic, attacks by the northern tribes and eventual division and collapse.