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This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. 1 (one, unit, unity) is...

This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. 0 (zero) is a number representing...

2 (two) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 1 and preceding 3. It is the smallest and only even prime number. Because it...

In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued...

3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime...

Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis,...

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve...

A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers...

In physics, engineering and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is an integral transform that takes a function as input and outputs another function...

In number theory, Fermat's Last Theorem (sometimes called Fermat's conjecture, especially in older texts) states that no three positive integers a, b,...

In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted i, called the imaginary...

In linear algebra, an eigenvector (/ˈaɪɡən-/ EYE-gən-) or characteristic vector is a vector that has its direction unchanged by a given linear transformation...

In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean of a random variable. The standard deviation...

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. Although...

A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent...

The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points...

In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate...

Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a...

In mathematics, a polynomial is a mathematical expression consisting of indeterminates (also called variables) and coefficients, that involves only the...

Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study"...